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· الضمائر الشحصية + فعل



It is ; it has
It’s
I am
I’m

It will
It’ll
I have
I’ve



I will / shall
I’ll



I would ; I had
I’d






we are
we’re
you are
you’re

we have
we’ve
you have
you’ve

we will / shall
we’ll
you will
you’ll

we would ; we had
we’d
you would ; you had
you’d






they are
they’re
he is ; he has
he’s

they have
they’ve
he will
he’ll

they will
they’ll
he would
he’d

they would
they’d





she is ; she has
she’s



she will
she’ll



she would ; she had
she’d



· فعل + not



may not
mayn’t
are not
aren’t

might not
mightn’t
cannot
can’t

must not
mustn’t
could not
couldn’t

need not
needn’t
dare not
daren’t

ought not
oughtn’t
did not
didn’t

shall not
shan’t
does not
doesn’t

should not
shouldn’t
do not
don’t

was not
wasn’t
has not
hasn’t

were not
weren’t
have not
haven’t

will not
won’t
had not
hadn’t

would not
wouldn’t
is not
isn’t



· بعض المختصرات الشائعة الاستعمال



what is
what’s
here is
here’s

when is
when’s
how is
how’s

where is
where’s
that would
that’d

who would
who’d
that will
that’ll

who will
who’ll
that is
that’s

who is
who’s
there is
there’s

what is
what’s
what will
what’ll